Effects Of Bırth Order On Self-Effıcacy And Problem Solvıng Skılls Research Article

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of individuals' birth order (real and psychological) on their self-efficacy perceptions and problem-solving skills. In this context, the study was conducted based on the literature review method in order to examine the effects of individuals' birth order on their self-efficacy perceptions and problem-solving skills. In this context, peer-reviewed articles, theses and book chapters accessed from academic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and TR Index constituted the main sources of the study. According to the findings obtained at the end of the research, birth order has an effect on individuals' self-efficacy perception and problem-solving skills in connection with social roles within the family. While first-borns may show high self-efficacy with leadership and responsibility, parental expectations may create anxiety. Last-borns can develop innovative and independent strategies in a freer environment. Middle children, on the other hand, may gain flexible problem-solving skills with their balancing roles, but they may experience a lack of self-confidence. Psychological birth order shows that the perceived position of the individual in the family may be more effective than physical order. These effects are affected by factors such as parental attitudes, sibling relationships and cultural-socioeconomic context. Firstborns are analytical and organized, while lastborns are creative and risk-taking; middle children are balanced between these two extremes. However, the current focus of research on Western societies limits the generalizability of the results. Future studies are needed with more diverse and comprehensive studies.