Ali Shariati and His Intellectual World in the Context of Critical Theory:

The Place of Ali Sharia in Critical Theory

Abstract

 This study aims to explore the position of Ali Shariati within critical theory. The introduction, along with a general and concise approach, discusses the prominent characteristics of critical theory. Ali Shariati is subsequently examined in greater detail as the central theme of the study. The focus is particularly on the key concepts highlighted in critical theory and Shariati's discourse, such as capitalism, alienation, class structure, and religious notions. In this context, Shariati's own works and existing studies are scrutinized alongside critical theory-related research to elucidate the relationship between Shariati and critical theory. Thus, the study delineates the fundamental concepts of critical theory from Shariati's perspective, highlighting the points of departure between his views and the theory. The significance of the study lies in Shariati's approach to critical thinking based on the Quran and his interpretation of Islam as an integral part of a dialectical process. Additionally, Shariati's attribution of significant meanings to religion in the shaping of the societal structure, particularly in the relationship between religion and society, using concepts such as Habil and Kabil, tawhid, and shirk during the process of societal formation, is noteworthy. In conclusion, the study reveals that Shariati reinterprets his dialectical understanding of self, nature, history, and Islam as a Muslim within the discourse of Western critical theory.